Scientists have genetically modified malaria-causing mosquito Anopheles gambiae species to fight the deadly disease of malaria.
The research was successfully carried by team of researchers led by London based Imperial College and was published in the journal Nature Biotechnology.
Points to note
- Scientists have genetically modified Anopheles gambiae mosquito species so that they carry a modified gene disrupting egg production in female mosquitoes.
- The findings represent an important step forward in the ability to develop novel methods of vector control.
- Normally, each gene variant has a 50 per cent chance of being passed down from parents to their offspring. In the new experiments with Anopheles gambiae, the gene for infertility was transmitted to more than 90 per cent of both male and female mosquitoes’ offspring.
- The technique uses recessive genes, so that many mosquitoes will inherit only one copy of the gene. Two copies are needed to cause infertility, meaning that mosquitoes with only one copy are carriers, and can spread the gene through a population.
- This is the first time the technique has been demonstrated in Anopheles gambiae.
- To test the gene drive, the team first identified three genes that impacted female fertility by disrupting the activity of suspected target genes.
- They then modified the genes with the CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease, a type of DNA cutting tool that can be designed to target very specific parts of the genetic code.
The mosquito species Anopheles gambiae is a major carrier of dangerous malaria parasites in sub-Saharan Africa, where 90 per cent of annual malaria deaths occur. Malaria infects more than 200 million people each year and causes more than 430,000 deaths.